The Dutch Windmill : Anyone reading, speaking, or writing about windmills is almost sure to think of the famous story of the Knight of the Rueful Countenance, Don Quixote de la Mancha, on his Rozinante. The sedate country squire who, having lost his head after reading a great many romances of chivalry, proclaims. Sancho Panza, to leave his wife and children and, seated on a donkey, accompany the knight as his shield- bearer on his odd expeditions. Lance in rest, he rushes at them, with the consequence that the turning sails cause him and his jade to roll over the plain. These mills had a cylindrical stone body, covered with a conical roof; they had four wooden. They still exist indeed.
It is true that they are no longer as numerous as they used to be, but close on one thousand of them are left. That the mills are still there is largely due to those who about 1. Owners who did not replace their windmills by mechanical pumping stations were considered old- fashioned, those who spoke in favour of windmills were called idealists not amenable to reason; neither the importance nor the value of the windmills in their technical, cultural, or artistic aspects were recognized any longer. From every side people gave their sympathy and aid, so that in course of time the society was able to make its influence felt and to enlighten the general public; it developed into an organization which combined all efforts to preserve windmills. But your pleasure will be enhanced when.
We will attempt to give you an outline and propose to discuss first. These classifications do not coincide, but they do overlap here.
This has given rise to names which are not always very clear. There are also beltmolens. A corn mill. is usually a tower mill with a stage and a tail pole; if it stands on a. Some are still to be found there, but this, the oldest. The post mill is a corn mill, and large numbers.
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The breast and the tail. Arrangement of the drives in a post millwhile still providing sufficient space inside. The body is turned to.
As a rule the machinery is distributed between two floors. It is not complicated and its operation. Details of the lay- out of a corn mill will be. The wind pressure not only drives the sails. This pressure is taken mainly by the post, aided. At the rear of the mill a broad oaken ladder.
This tail pole passes between two rungs. When the mill is working, the ladder with the tail structure. The mill body can be reached from the ground. Over. the doorway there is a fair- sized opening with a shutter and at the top. The 'sack hoist' is the apparatus for hoisting. With the aid of this device the sacks can easily be hoisted. When the wind starts to blow through a hole, it.
The front of the mill body, called the breast, is usually adorned. Hence, corn mills evolved in the direction of the larger mills.
At first, use was also made of the round brick powder magazines. These were the torenmolens (cylindrical. In drainage. mills the mechanism, the scoop wheel or the Archimedean screw, is of course.
The turning portion of the mill could therefore be. The base on the other hand. Handsome post mills are to be found. North Brabant at Nistelrode and Uden, in Gelderland at Nederasselt and. Doesburg mill near Ede, in Zeeland at Retranchement and at St. Annaland. In the national park Buurserzand, in the.
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Haaksbergen, you will find an open post mill in good condition. Society for the Promotion of Nature reserves. There is yet another mill. Ter Apel in the Groningen region. The brake wheel has 6.
So the wind shaft has to make 2. The WIP MILL is the graceful mill still to be found in great numbers. South Holland and Friesland; wip mills. The square revolving upper part of the mill.
The former has to accommodate nothing but the wind shaft, the brake. The upright shaft. At its lower end the upright shaft carries the crown wheel. The space occupied. The finest are those. They impress us as a pattern of cosy domesticity, where.
In summer, with. their thin wasp- waists they look like dainty, gay damsels which, brightening. Left: front view; Right: side elevation. The wip mill, like the post mill, has a tail pole, ladder, and winch. These two. outer doors are required in order to provide free access and exit with. The door past. which the sails sweep is then kept firmly shut, for it would be highly. The mill was equipped with the familiar Old Dutch water- raising.
SCOOP WHEEL. The scoop wheel may. Originally the wip mills were smaller in size and although. It is obvious that.
We cannot therefore. Left: tail with door and gable; right: breast with vertical prick postmentioned.
An 'invention' in the true sense of the word it can hardly. Archimedes already knew the cochlea and it is natural to. Holland. The scoop wheel was the most obvious mechanism for raising. In the. case of windmills the scoop wheel is in a fixed place and the water is. In 1. 80. 5 the first.
Swede. Eriksson. The ship's propeller is after all nothing but a modification. Archimedean screw and the paddle a modification of the. To make this possible. Hence the. wip mills also used to be called kokermolens (hollow post mills). About midway the wind shaft. The latter may be constructed.
Fitted round. the rim of the brake wheel is a large- sized band with brake blocks, which. When the brake. handle is operated, the brake lever moves from its position at rest, so. It. is there that the miller and his family live more comfortably in summer. The smaller wip mills are not inhabited.
It is called a bovenkruier. They evolved logically. The larger construction also provides. These mills soon ousted the wip mills. The. further development of these large mills therefore was in the direction. Thus arose the familiar large mill of South Holland. Outside the province of North Holland this type does.
South Holland still show. The appearance of the North- Holland mill is more solid and less. The base of the South- Holland.
The body of both types. Supported on this octagon is the wooden structure, consisting. A rigid unit is thus formed; this. However, it is not. Holland, with its soft subsoil, thatched mills built. These are much less heavy than mills built of brick. Besides, in the Dutch climate it was always difficult to keep a tapering.
Timbers covered with reed have. The same can also be seen in Dutch farmhouses. At the tail the shaft is supported.
Early bearings consisted of a. The wind shaft is a very heavy wooden or iron. To raise it to the top of the mill and. The gear wheels themselves are masterpieces of skilled craftsmanship.
Balkans and of lignum vitae. Lignum vitae. besides its hardness, has the additional advantage of being to some extent. The gears mesh almost noiselessly and thus with a minimum.
If the spokes are imagined. The outlet thus takes place at a higher.
The lift is. naturally limited, since it is conditioned by the radius of the circular. On practical grounds there is a certain maximum size for the. When the work had.
These mills would pump the water into a kind of intermediate. Similarly a third and even a fourth 'stage'. There may thus be cases where. Lifting in stages.
The mills. pass on the water, as it were, from one to the other, and the last discharges. The number of discharge possibilities. It was thus necessary for the water removed from. Such a reservoir is called a boezem (storage basin). It may temporarily hold a lot of water.
Such a storage. basin may cover a very large area in one or more provinces and it forms. A waterschap (drainage district) has a board of. Heemraadschappen (Drainage Boards) and Hoogheemraadschappen. River Boards). They have left their mark on the whole economy and.
Netherlands as a land of polders, according to. The specific character of the. Dutch rural population, the landholders proper, and also of the Dutch people.
The scoop wheel fits accurately between the two water walls. At the mill, the feed side of the water is called the intake. To prevent the water flowing back from. As soon as the scoop wheel starts working. It is obvious that some over- pressure is required to. If such a screw is made long enough, it is possible. This means a considerable.
For deep polders and reclamation projects therefore Archimedean. Dekker to use centrifugal pumps. This was not. a success after all; these pumps may sometimes involve too heavy a loading. We have already pointed out before that the water- raising. When it has reached the top of the screw, the water.
A sluice door or trap, which is. In South Holland it is. It is the task of the miller to clean this gate regularly by removing. When the scoop wheel is built inside the mill, all these. Next to this. is the passage, and the other half of the ground- floor space is taken up.
Next to this, on one side are stairs. The living- room has fairly large. No fuss is made about the way in which the smoke from. Incidentally this has a great advantage: the woodwork. Sixteen large drainage mills are there grouped. This mill complex of the.
Overwaard and the Nederwaard near Alblasserdam is of the greatest importance. When following. the motorway from Gouda to The Hague, one will see on the left the four. Tweemanspolder under Zevenhuizen, a gang. Another complex, near Leidschendam, to be seen from the motorway. Ypenburg to Schiphol, consists of the three handsome mills of the. Driemanspolder, which again are not in regular working order. They are each of them.
The construction. The miller has to visit them regularly to. The span of the 'spider'.
In such a case a much smaller. WEIDEMOLENTJE (meadow mill) or AANBRENGERTJE is used. It is an even smaller.
Thus. the mill will automatically face the wind and is always kept into the eye. The stationary base is an enclosed empty space; including.
Still, in the long run they were found to involve some. World War II the wooden windmills came into.
In order to keep the cost low, they are now made to a. Mounted. on this concrete base is the pyramidal body, made of wood, with on the.
The sails have only boards. The construction of the wind vane. The mill then stops and cannot. When the gale is over, the vane has to be readjusted.